Study of interaction of laser with tissue using monte carlo method for 1064nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet [Nd:YAG] laser

Liposuction using laser is now one of the most common cosmetic surgery. This new method has minimized the disadvantages of the conventional liposuction including blood loss, skin laxity and long recovery time. Benefits of the new liposuction methods which include less trauma, bleeding and skin tightening prove the superiority of these methods over the traditional mechanical methods. Interaction of laser with fat tissue has the vital role in the development of these new procedures because this interaction simultaneously results in retraction of skin layers and coagulation of small blood vessels so skin tightening and less bleeding is achieved. Laser lipolysis uses a laser fiber inserted inside a metal cannula of 1 mm delivering the laser radiation directly to the target tissue. Laser lipolysis has a wavelength dependent mechanism, tissue heating and therefor thermal effects are achieved through absorption of radiation by the target tissue cells, causing their temperature to rise and their volumes to expand. We used Monte Carlo [MC] method to simulate the photons propagation within the tissue. This method simulates physical variables by random sampling of their probability distribution. We also simulated temperature rise and tissue heating using Comsol Multiphysics software. Because optimum and safe laser lipolysis operation highly depends on optical characteristics of both tissue and laser radiation such as laser fluence, laser power and etc. having physical understanding of these procedures is of vital importance. In this study we aim to evaluate the effects of these important parameters. Findings of our simulation prove that 1064 nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet [Nd:YAG] has good penetration depth into fat tissue and can reach inside the deeper layers of fat tissue. We see that this wavelength also resulted in good temperature rise; after irradiation of fat tissue with this wavelength we observed that tissue heated in permitted values [50-65°C], this is why this wavelength is widely used in laser lipolysis operations

Development of Ga-67 maltolate complex as an imaging agent

Due to the antitumor activity of Gallium MAL complex, as well as recent findings on new targeted biomolecules in malignant cells through this complex, the development of radiolabeled gallium complex for future imaging studies was targeted. Ga-67 labeled 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-onate [Ga-67 MAL] was prepared using freshly prepared Ga-67 chloride and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-onate in a sodium salt form in 25 min at 40°C. The stability of the complex was checked in final formulation and human serum for 24 h followed by the administration in Swiss mice for biodistribution studies. The complex was prepared in high radiochemical purity [> 97% ITLC, > 98% HPLC] and specific activity of 13-14 GBq/mmol and was stable in the presence of serum for 48 h. The partition coefficient was calculated for the compound [log;? = 0.40]. A detailed comparative pharmacokinetic study was performed for Ga-67 cation and Ga-67-MAL. The complex is more rapidly washed out from the circulation through kidneys and liver compared to Ga-67 cation and can be an interesting tumor imaging agent due to the fact that the cold compound is undergoing clinical trials as a safe and potential therapeutic agent for cancer

Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of [111]in-tris [8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline] complex as a possible imaging agent

Due to the interesting pharmacological properties of radiolabeled metal oxine derivatives such as cell internalization, tumor avidity and antiproteosome activity, [111]In-tris[8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinoline] [[111]In-HMQ] was developed in this study. [111]In-HMQ was prepared using [111]InCl[3] and 8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinoline [HMQ] for 60 min at 100[degree sign] C [radiochemical purity: >99% ITLC, >99% HPLC, specific activity: 13-14 GBq/mmol]. Stability of the complex was checked in final formulation and in the presence of human serum for 48 h. The partition coefficient was calculated for the compound [log P=0.68]. The biodistribution of the labeled compound in vital organs of wild-type rats was studied using scarification studies and SPECT up to 24 h. A detailed comparative pharmacokinetic study for [111] In cation and [111]In-HMQ are performed up to 24h. The complex is mostly cleaned from the circulation by kidneys and is a compound rapidly washing from the circulation. The biodistribution of the complex in tumor models is on-going